Simulation has become essential in surgical education, addressing the need for effective training amid reduced resident work hours and ethical patient safety concerns. It provides a safe space for trainees to practice both technical skills and non-technical competencies like communication and teamwork, crucial for surgical success. Various simulation models, from high-fidelity animal and cadaveric setups to synthetic and virtual-reality systems, facilitate skill development and objective assessments, allowing residents to gain foundational skills before facing real clinical situations.

While technical skills are vital, the importance of non-technical skills is increasingly recognized, as lapses in communication can lead to errors in the operating room. Research shows that skills learned through simulation can transfer effectively to actual surgeries. However, there is still a need for a cohesive curriculum that integrates both technical and non-technical training. Further research is required to establish comprehensive frameworks that enhance learning outcomes for surgical trainees.